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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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madagasc.4
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1991-04-08
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Economy
Overview: Madagascar is one of the poorest countries in
the world. During the period 1980-85 it had a population
growth of 3% a year and a -0.4% GDP growth rate. Agriculture,
including fishing and forestry, is the mainstay of the economy,
accounting for over 40% of GDP, employing about 85% of the
labor force, and contributing more than 70% to export earnings.
Industry is confined to the processing of agricultural products
and textile manufacturing; in 1988 it contributed only 16%
to GDP and employed 3% of the labor force. Industrial development
has been hampered by government policies that have restricted
imports of equipment and spare parts and put strict controls
on foreign-owned enterprises. In 1986 the government introduced
a five-year development plan that stresses self-sufficiency
in food (mainly rice) by 1990, increased production for
exports, and reduced energy imports.
GDP: $1.7 billion, per capita $155; real growth rate 2.2% (1988).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 17.0% (1988).
Unemployment rate: NA%.
Budget: revenues $337 million; expenditures $245 million,
including capital expenditures of $163 million (1988).
Exports: $284 million (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--coffee
45%, vanilla 15%, cloves 11%, sugar, petroleum products;
partners--France, Japan, Italy, FRG, US.
Imports: $319 million (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--intermediate
manufactures 30%, capital goods 28%, petroleum 15%, consumer
goods 14%, food 13%; partners--France, FRG, UK, other EC, US.
External debt: $3.6 billion (1989).
Industrial production: growth rate -3.9 % (1988).
Electricity: 119,000 kW capacity; 430 million kWh produced,
40 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: agricultural processing (meat canneries, soap
factories, brewery, tanneries, sugar refining), light consumer
goods industries (textiles, glassware), cement, automobile
assembly plant, paper, petroleum.
Agriculture: accounts for 40% of GDP; cash crops--coffee,
vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa; food crops--rice, cassava,
beans, bananas, peanuts; cattle raising widespread; not
self-sufficient in rice and wheat flour.
Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated
and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption.
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $118 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $2.6 billion; Communist countries (1970-88),
$491 million.
Currency: Malagasy franc (plural--francs); 1 Malagasy franc
(FMG) = 100 centimes.
Exchange rates: Malagasy francs (FMG) per US$1--1,531.0
(January 1990), 1603.4 (1989), 1,407.1 (1988), 1,069.2 (1987),
676.3 (1986), 662.5 (1985).
Fiscal year: calendar year.