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- Economy
-
- Overview: Madagascar is one of the poorest countries in
- the world. During the period 1980-85 it had a population
- growth of 3% a year and a -0.4% GDP growth rate. Agriculture,
- including fishing and forestry, is the mainstay of the economy,
- accounting for over 40% of GDP, employing about 85% of the
- labor force, and contributing more than 70% to export earnings.
- Industry is confined to the processing of agricultural products
- and textile manufacturing; in 1988 it contributed only 16%
- to GDP and employed 3% of the labor force. Industrial development
- has been hampered by government policies that have restricted
- imports of equipment and spare parts and put strict controls
- on foreign-owned enterprises. In 1986 the government introduced
- a five-year development plan that stresses self-sufficiency
- in food (mainly rice) by 1990, increased production for
- exports, and reduced energy imports.
-
- GDP: $1.7 billion, per capita $155; real growth rate 2.2% (1988).
-
- Inflation rate (consumer prices): 17.0% (1988).
-
- Unemployment rate: NA%.
-
- Budget: revenues $337 million; expenditures $245 million,
- including capital expenditures of $163 million (1988).
-
- Exports: $284 million (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--coffee
- 45%, vanilla 15%, cloves 11%, sugar, petroleum products;
- partners--France, Japan, Italy, FRG, US.
-
- Imports: $319 million (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--intermediate
- manufactures 30%, capital goods 28%, petroleum 15%, consumer
- goods 14%, food 13%; partners--France, FRG, UK, other EC, US.
-
- External debt: $3.6 billion (1989).
-
- Industrial production: growth rate -3.9 % (1988).
-
- Electricity: 119,000 kW capacity; 430 million kWh produced,
- 40 kWh per capita (1989).
-
- Industries: agricultural processing (meat canneries, soap
- factories, brewery, tanneries, sugar refining), light consumer
- goods industries (textiles, glassware), cement, automobile
- assembly plant, paper, petroleum.
-
- Agriculture: accounts for 40% of GDP; cash crops--coffee,
- vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa; food crops--rice, cassava,
- beans, bananas, peanuts; cattle raising widespread; not
- self-sufficient in rice and wheat flour.
-
- Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated
- and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption.
-
- Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $118 million;
- Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
- (1970-87), $2.6 billion; Communist countries (1970-88),
- $491 million.
-
- Currency: Malagasy franc (plural--francs); 1 Malagasy franc
- (FMG) = 100 centimes.
-
- Exchange rates: Malagasy francs (FMG) per US$1--1,531.0
- (January 1990), 1603.4 (1989), 1,407.1 (1988), 1,069.2 (1987),
- 676.3 (1986), 662.5 (1985).
-
- Fiscal year: calendar year.
-